In the antibacterial susceptibility assay, Staphylococcus aureus was the most resistant to the action of BSF chitosan, with no significant effect exerted on its growth. Results showed that the chitin content increased gradually during the transition from larvae to adult BSF, with the highest amount obtained in the pupal stage. The antibacterial effect of BSF chitosan compounds against pathogenic bacteria were assessed with the determination of a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The identities and structures of all isolated and synthesized compounds were verified using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Chitin from different growth phases of BSF was isolated using chemical treatments, characterized, and further synthesized into chitosan by deacetylation. In this study, we focused on the antibacterial activity of chitosan obtained from BSF. The larvae of Hermetia illucens, commonly known as Black Soldier Fly (BSF), can be reared on organic waste substrates and can be produced on a large scale. Insects are receiving wide attention as alternative food and feed resources, and for the production of useful by-products such as chitin, which can be converted into chitosan, a natural antibacterial agent. This chapter focuses on current publications on chitin, chitosan, and their composites’ high-value-added applications and functions.KeywordsSea shellsChitinChitosanBiopolymerDeacetylationComposites Through hydrolysis of the acetamide group, chitin deacetylation results in acetate ions and a –NH2 group. Chitosan is a polysaccharide made up of (1,4) glycosidic linkages connecting deacetylated and acetylated D-glucosamine units. There are various applications of chitosan such as carrier of drugs, dietary supplement, environmental biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, forensic and many more this chapter reviews about all the applications mentioned above. We have discussed about the different sources from which we can isolate chitin and chitosan. We have described about chitosan-based composites and applications, polymer-chitosan composites, cellulose chitin composites, palm oil composites and so on. Our goal is to assess the current level of knowledge on chitosan, including its function, applications, and chemical structure. This chapter reviews about chitin and chitosan extracted from sea shells and how chitin is converted into chitosan.
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